The 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) will be held in Belém, Brazi, in November 2025. As the first Amazon-hosted COP, this summit is expected to focus heavily on rainforest preservation, Indigenous rights, and global climate justice.
The Key Themes & Expectations for COP30 include:

• Brazil will likely push for stronger global commitments to halt deforestation and fund conservation efforts.
• Discussions on carbon markets, REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation), and biodiversity credits.
• Indigenous leaders will play a major role, advocating for land rights and anti-deforestation policies.

• Developing nations will demand fulfillment of the $100B/year climate finance pledge from wealthy countries.
• Debates on loss and damage funding (established at COP27) and adaptation finance will be central.
• Brazil may propose new financial mechanisms to reward forest conservation.

• Brazil, a leader in hydropower and biofuels, may promote green hydrogen and solar expansion in the region.
• Discussions on phasing out fossil fuels (following COP28’s "transition away" agreement) will continue.

• Countries must submit updated Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) by 2025, with stricter emission targets.
• COP30 will assess progress since the first Global Stocktake (GST) at COP28 and push for stronger commitments.

• As with past COPs, expect large protests from climate activists, Indigenous groups, and environmental NGOs.
• Potential tensions over oil drilling in the Amazon (e.g., Petrobras’ plans) and land conflicts.

• A new Amazon protection pact involving neighboring countries (Colombia, Peru, etc.).
• Progress on carbon trading rules (Article 6 of the Paris Agreement).
• Increased pressure on rich nations to deliver climate funding.
• Why COP30 Matters
• As the first COP in the Amazon biome, this summit will highlight the critical role of tropical forests in fighting climate change.